Presented by Con Carpis at the DUST EXPLOSIONS SUMMIT - SYDNEY,NOVEMBER 2005
What is an explosion?The occurrence normally called an explosion is more accurately referred to as a deflagration. This is the rapid burning of a mixture of dust or gas within an oxygen-rich atmosphere (typically air) leading to a very rapid pressure rise inside the vessel or system. Without explosion protection the vessel or system can be ruptured, causing the products of the rapid combustion to be released uncontrollably. This results in the devastating effect referred to as an explosion, causing widespread damage to plant and personnel.
Operators of plant handling flammable gases are well aware of the dangers of explosions and the need for continual care and attention to prevent ignition. Perhaps less well known is that there is a similar risk when handling materials that produce dusty conditions, such as foodstuffs, grain, sugar, coal and some plastics and metals. Where dusts can be present and suspended in the atmosphere, then an equally disastrous explosion can occur if the mixture is ignited.
The severity of an explosion can be affected by a number of factors, which are often inter-related. The damage that an explosion can cause is directly related to the pressure that can be generated. This pressure is affected by the individual characteristics of the dust or gas, the volume and geometry of the vessel being operated and the strength or 'rupture pressure' of the weakest section of the vessel. Dusts and gases burning uncontrollably within a vessel can rapidly generate pressures up to 10 barg or higher. Unless the vessel is sufficiently strong this high pressure will cause the vessel to deform or even rupture at its weakest point. Where such vessels are long and relatively narrow the weak point could be the end-cap. The resultant explosion could induce a fierce jet effect.
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